A study of 1540 US adults found instead that levels of scientific literacy correlated with the strength of opinion on climate change, but not on which side of the debate that they stood. For example, in analyses of the political controversy over anthropogenic climate change, which is exceptionally virulent in the United States, it has been proposed that those who are opposed to the scientific consensus do so because they don't have enough information about the topic.

Thus, for example, controversies in physics would be limited to subject areas where experiments cannot be carried out yet, whereas controversies would be inherent to politics, where communities must frequently decide on courses of action based on insufficient information.Ĭontroversies are frequently thought to be a result of a lack of confidence on the part of the disputants – as implied by Benford's law of controversy, which only talks about lack of information ('passion is inversely proportional to the amount of real information available'). In other words, it claims that the less factual information is available on a topic, the more controversy can arise around that topic – and the more facts are available, the less controversy can arise. Main article: Benford's law of controversyīenford's law of controversy, as expressed by the astrophysicist and science fiction author Gregory Benford in 1980, states: Passion is inversely proportional to the amount of real information available. In addition to setting out the scope of the jurisdiction of the federal judiciary, it also prohibits courts from issuing advisory opinions, or from hearing cases that are either unripe, meaning that the controversy has not arisen yet, or moot, meaning that the controversy has already been resolved. This clause has been deemed to impose a requirement that United States federal courts are not permitted to cases that do not pose an actual controversy-that is, an actual dispute between adverse parties which is capable of being resolved by the. In the theory of law, a controversy differs from a legal case while legal cases include all suits, criminal as well as civil, a controversy is a purely civil proceeding.įor example, the Case or Controversy Clause of Article Three of the United States Constitution ( Section 2, Clause 1) states that 'the judicial Power shall extend . to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party'.

Controversies in globalization pdf file